As useful as the Brunton’s auriscope was, many physicians wanted a way to manipulate the ear canal better than the simple cone the device allowed them. Wilhelm Kramer invented an instrument that resembled the old Fabricius Hildanus device in the mid-19th century. It used the conical shape that Brunton developed, but allowed it to be opened with two handles. The device was called a Kramer’s Speculum. A. Hartmann, a physician from Berlin, further developed the Kramer speculum style in 1881, and the otoscope took its modern shape.